#52Ancestorsin52weeks Week13/52 - Sisters
Ethel Eileen CONNER (nee CARRETT) 1904-1996
Ahnentafel Number 5
Context for discovery:
This biography was written as part of the 52 ancestors in 52 weeks exercise devised by Amy Johnson Crow. You can join in too here. The theme for this month is women and the theme for this week is Sisters. Ethel was my paternal grandmother.
This will be a bit of a meandering story I’m afraid. I have written about my grandmother on several occasions and knew her very well. But did I really?
Don’t get excited. I’m not going to reveal anything scandalous. What I am just amazed at during this process of writing biographies, is going back over documents and reading them again, how new knowledge emerges. I’m afraid this really only happens over a long period of time and with the benefit of hindsight. What do I mean? Well, for one thing, our memory is unreliable. And for another, people tell you their stories or memories which may also be unreliable or skewed.
So, for example, up until a couple of days ago I might have told you about a couple of childhood accidents that happened to me when I was very little . I fell into a fire in my Great-great-aunt’s place at Portsmouth and then in Melbourne, a TV fell on my foot. Don’t worry. The accidents weren’t huge or sinister. I was perfectly fine. Just part of the hazards of growing up. The first story is true, but the second part is a bit twisted. A TV did fall on my foot, but it was in Edinburgh, not Melbourne. Given I was three years old at the time, it’s not surprising I got the location confused. How have I fixed or corrected my memory? I have inherited a diary from my father at the time which recounts both incidents. I was gobsmacked that I had “remembered” the TV incident so “wrong”.
Back to my grandmother. I knew my grandmother well and, if you’d asked me where she grew up, I’d say Parsley Bay. Kind of true but not the whole truth. She was born at Riverview Road, Canterbury. All the stories Gran told me were about Parsley Bay and swimming. Swimming. Swimming. Swimming. That’s all I ever heard. Riverview Road leapt out at me this week when I started compiling information for her biography. Why? Because that is where my father was born. Indeed, my grandmother was always very proud of the fact that her father, a builder, built homes for her and her sister when they were first married at Riverview Road. But I guess what I hadn’t realised was that Ethel and her sister Millie had already lived there as children! They were going back home as adults to raise their own children.
This week I was lucky enough to buy a book from a fellow family historian on Marketplace called River Dreams. It was only published a few years ago and is about the Cooks River. Riverview Road is on Cook’s River. Dad’s sister used to joke they had “water views” when the river flooded. When you live in Sydney, having water views raises the value of your property significantly. The ideal is to live on the Harbour. Parsley Bay was on the Harbour. Undercliffe (part of Canterbury) was not.
So, this blog post will be an outline of my grandmother’s life with a focus on her sisters, as well and a bit of meandering, a bit like a river, and musing on various things that have occurred to me because of my research this week.
The historical events written in RED are compiled from the defining moments timeline from the National Museum of Australia website and Wikipedia and Project Gutenberg Australia.
Childhood
12 June 1902 Commonwealth Franchise Act gives women the vote in federal elections
Birth Date/Place:
Ethel was born on Thursday 10th November 1904.[i] The birth certificate says she was born at Riverview Road Canterbury, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. It also says Ethel Irene but she says that was a mistake and it was meant to be Ethel Eileen. That is certainly how her name is recorded on all other documents and given that her sister Irene or Rene was born not long after, I’m inclined to agree.
I have a photo of a house in Flinders Road Canterbury just around the corner with my grandmother’s writing on the back saying that is where she was born.
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| Flinders Road Canterbury- no number given although there might be a sign on the fence saying 28?? |
Gran is probably remembering her first childhood home. Her father was a builder and built and lived in a few homes in the surrounding area, so I’m not surprised there is some confusion. My best guess is that Ethel was born at her grandparent’s home in Riverview Road but that later her parents moved to Flinders Road. Why do I think this? Well, a search of the Street Directories for around that time shows that in:
1903 G.H. Carrett junior (my grandmother’s father) was living at 32 Charles Street Petersham and G.H.C Carrett (Ethel’s grandfather) was living at Flinders rd. Canterbury[ii]
1905 G.H. Carrett sen and G.H. Carrett Jun. were living on the south side of Riverview Road between Wardell road to Homer Street.[iii] (whether this is side by side or in the same place who can say?)
1908 G.H. Carrett sen. was living in Riverview Road, Canterbury and Carrett G.H.C. jun. was living in Flinders Road[iv]
My grandmother, Ethel was the second eldest of seven children. She had an older sister Millie, followed by the twins, Daisy and George, then Rene, Ossie and Nora. So, Ethel had four sisters and two brothers. Ethel’s father, George Henry Charles, was 25 years old when she was born and a bricklayer by trade. Her mother Daisy May was 22 years old.
Baptism Date/Place:
I have not been able to locate any baptismal record to date. If I was to look anywhere it would probably be Christ Church, Enmore where Ethel’s parents were married. It is now known as St Luke’s Parish Church.
So, what was the Cook’s River area like?
Ian Tyrrell in his book River Dreams describes it as follows:
“The Cooks River Valley served mostly to display social aspirations in the early colonial years. Its farms were expected to comply with the standards of a garden landscape that a would -be gentry demanded. The area promised to be an exclusive part of the settlement. Yet, by 1880, the river was increasingly considered a convenient dumping ground for unwanted industries. River of filth, stream of stench. Putrid pariah among waterways.”[v]
The original inhabitants before colonization were the Gadigal clan. Tyrrell mentions that rock art stencils and middens have been discovered at Undercliffe. (for more information about the indigenous history of Cook’s River go here.)
Certainly, when my grandmother was born the area would have still been quite rural.
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| Courtesy City of Canterbury Local History Photograph Collection |
For more accounts of what the place was like, take a look at Earlwood’s Past
When Ethel was less than two years old and Millie not yet three, their father left for San Francisco on the Sonoma with his brother[vi] Thomas in September 1906, to help rebuild the city after the earthquake.
Two months later, the twins Daisy and George were born 3rd November.
I salute my grandmother’s mother, Daisy! What fortitude to be left with four children under the age of three. Her husband did not return until five months later.
1907 Australia’s first lifesaving club established at Bondi, Sydney
1908 legislation introducing national age and invalid pensions
1908 sister Rene or Irene Vera was born 9 January, Canterbury
1909 compulsory military service instituted in Australia
Schooling
Gran says she went to a private school “Miss Bradocks” in Wardell Road. I have identified this as 286 Wardell Road Marrickville. There’s been a new paint job but it is essentially the same house.
Going to a private school might sound a bit pretentious but the sad reality was that schools were far and few between…..viz this quote from Tyrrell’s River Dreams:
“Meanwhile, the Undercliffe Progress Association was asking for a school at Undercliffe, saying that there were 80 to 100 children in the area. These were attending Marrickville West and Tempe Public Schools and the parents complained of the risk of crossing Cooks River, particularly in wet weather with the river rising. “ [vii]
It is interesting that Gran and her siblings would have had to cross the Cooks River to get to Miss Braddocks.
Here are some other interesting quotes from River Dreams:
“The population of the Municipality of Canterbury, which had been 4226 in 1901 had risen to only approximately 6000 in 1909. It then rose to 11 335 at the Census of 1911, and 24000 by 1914.”[viii]
And this:
“the famous Fanny Durack gave an exhibition of Olympic swimming in 1916, the river was a lively place” [ix]
1909 first powered aeroplane flight in Australia is made
1910 Ethel's brother Ossie (Oswald Sydney) was born 26 July, Canterbury
The move to Vaucluse
“stolen between the hours of 11pm 26th May and 6am the 27th May, from the residence of George Carrett, Flinders-road Canterbury, the sum of £18 and a silver watch and chain. Latter articles recovered.[x]
Maybe the theft was the last straw and the girls badgered their father for somewhere to swim. Millie would have been 13 and Ethel 11 in 1914.
10 October 1912 Australian Government introduces a maternity allowance
1913 Foundation of Canberra as the national capital and the newly created Royal Australian Navy’s ‘fleet unit’ sails into Sydney Harbour
This Xmas card and an entry in the Sands Directory indicates the move to Vaucluse happened in 1914.
The 1915 Sands Street Directory shows GH Carrett living at north side of Fitzwilliam Road, Vaucluse at “Natona”. It is quite difficult to place the exact house. I would need to look at land records to determine where they were exactly.
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| Fitzwilliam Road Vaucluse |
1914-1918 WWI
The family is not long at Vaucluse before Ethel’s father
joins the Australian Imperial Force at the age of 37 on 8th May 1916. He is gone for another three years.
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| George Carrett and brother Charles |
Swimming
When did the sisters start swimming? Were they inspired by Fanny Durack’s Gold Medal in the 100m freestyle at Stockholm in 1912? I think so. My father learned to swim in the Cook’s River although his memories of the experience are not all that fond! Basically, his older brother Ted dumped him in the river and there was much dog paddling until he learned to swim.
I suspect the girls may have dabbled in the Cooks River and then really taken off, inspired by Fanny Durack, to test their skills in Parsley Bay and any competitions they could find.
My father’s memories are that :
“My mother’s early life there seemed to alternate between the onerous responsibilities of helping her mother look after her many younger siblings and the large family home while at the same time becoming involved in competitive swimming events. She swam at the Domain baths each Saturday ….”
The first reports of Ethel's prowess in the pool are from the Sydney Morning Herald, 3 April 1917 on page 10
"Sydney Ladies' Club - Results at Rushcutter Bay Baths: - 100 yds Handicap - M. Wylie, 1; M. Carrett, 2: M. Lovelace, 3. 30 yds Junior Championship - E. Carrett, 1; N. Safford, 2. D. Carrett, 3."
Ethel would have been 12 and Daisy, one of the twins, would have been 10. Millie, Ethel's older sister would have been 14.
Then in the Sydney Morning Herald, Monday 10 March, 1919 Page 8 reports:
"New South Wales Ladies' Amateur Swimming Association -President's Cup Competition, 440 yds Handicap: E. Carrett, 2m 51s, 1 (time 9 min 35s);N. David, 74s, 2 (time 8m) ; M. Carrett, 93s, 3 (time 8m 20s)."
Reported in the same column is the
"Sydney Ladies' Amateur Club, at Coogee Aquarium Baths - Carrett Cup Competition, 880 yds Handicap:R. Carrett, 4m 44s, 1; M. Shepherd, scr., 2; E. Carrett, 3m 24s, 3 . Time 20m 45s."
and then
"Junior Handicap. 33 yds: N. Carrett, 20s, 1; G. Carrett, scr., 2; (I'm wondering if this is Norah's older brother George and was he scratched because he was a boy???); O. Edwards, 14s, 3. Time 1m 13s.
The winner is only five years old."
Isn't that just precious?
On the same day Ethel came 3rd in the 100 yds Handicap against M. St. Louis, 16s, 1; and her older sister M. Carrett, 20s, 2. Time, 1 m 30s.
Her younger sister Rene came 2nd in the 50 yds Handicap.
In November Ethel tried her hand at Diving and came 3rd (SMH, 17 November, p.8)
Later that year Ethel came 3rd in the Breast Stroke Handicap Final. (SMH, 8 December, 1919, p.8)
In 1920 she came first in the 100 yds Handicap. (SMH, 26 January, p. 9)
In April of the same year, her older sister Millie and Miss M. Shepherd tied for the "Wilson" trophy with 27 points each.
"In a 50 yds breast stroke handicap to decide the winner, Miss Shepherd, who received 7s start, just beat her opponent.
The point scores were: - M. Shepherd, 32; M. Carrett, 31; M. Lovelace, 19; E. Carrett, 14."
In 1921 Ethel came 3rd in the 50 yards Handicap - A Grade. (SMH, 12 December 1921, p.6) By then she was 17 years old.
Two
years later her younger sister Rene went on to win the same Cup.
I think the Coogee Aquarium Baths would have been rather special to swim in. You can get an idea of what they were like from the extract from this book on Google Books.
I found a fetching portrait of her older sister Millie in an advertisement for cough medicine. Here it is...
Millie is described as:
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| Advertising (1917, May 2). The Sun (Sydney, NSW : 1910 - 1954), p. 4. Retrieved February 18, 2018, from https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/page/24414462 |
"one of Sydney's best-known and most popular lady swimmers, who has distinguished herself at various carnivals. In 1916 she won the S.L.S. Club's 33 yards Championship; later she won the 50 yards Interclub Handicap at the Metropolitan Ladies' Carnival and secured second in the NS.W. Ladies' Amateur Swimming Association's President's Cup Competition."Here is a photo of the littlest of the sisters, Nora!
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| THE WATER BABIES (1919, February 23). The Mirror (Sydney, NSW : 1917 - 1919), p. 3. Retrieved February 18, 2018, from https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/136734019 |
Rene had her time in the sun too....
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| NOTABLE LADY SWIMMERS. (1924, February 13). The Brisbane Courier (Qld. : 1864 - 1933), p. 13. Retrieved January 14, 2018, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article20681017 |
She's featured in the photo above when she visited Brisbane in February 1924. I wonder if she was able to attend Ethel's wedding on the 18th of that month. I suspect not. Newspaper article dates indicate that she stayed in Queensland for a couple of weeks.
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| No title (1924, February 22). The Daily Mail (Brisbane, Qld. : 1903 - 1926), p. 14. Retrieved January 14, 2018, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article217619331 |
What intrigued me most about some of the articles though (apart from some fantastic photos) was the mention of the trudgeon or trudgen stroke. I had never heard of it before. Perhaps you have - particularly if you play water polo, for which apparently it is very useful.
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| COURTEOUS VISITORS (1924, February 16). The Telegraph (Brisbane, Qld. : 1872 - 1947), p. 2. Retrieved January 14, 2018, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article180042436 |
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This is the article that mentions Rene teaching this particular stroke. |
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| No title (1924, February 17). The Daily Mail (Brisbane, Qld. : 1903 - 1926), p. 1. Retrieved January 14, 2018, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article217615710 |
27 January 1919 Influenza pandemic reaches Australia
1921 Edith Cowan is first woman elected to Australian parliament
Occupation Dates/Places:
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| On back of photo in Gran's writing is "My father's shops in Canterbury Rd with hall on top where I had my 17th birthday surprise party" |
My grandmother worked for her father collecting rent from tenants. She told me she wanted to be a milliner. My father says that after she left school she worked for a while in her father’s shop at Canterbury where the house sales office operated and rent was collected. Then she got a job with David Jones as a seamstress in their garment manufacturing warehouse with one of her sisters.
Dad describes her mother as not a large woman. She had a determined chin and slightly hookish nose. Her eyes were deep-set and hazel coloured and she had brown hair.
1924 Compulsory voting at federal elections
In 1924 Millie married Frank Andrews[xi]. I think Gran suddenly realized she was going to be left at home to look after the children and the boarders! So.....she got married. Her mother was not too pleased apparently!
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| Millie's wedding. We have no photo of my Gran's wedding. Gran is the bridesmaid on the left. Millie and Ethel's father is on the far right of the photo. |
Married Life
Marriage Dates/Places:
Ethel married Edwin Arthur James (Ted) Conner on 16th February 1924 at St Peter’s Watson’s Bay.[xii]
My father says that my grandmother won a bet
with her father when she married Ted as he was considered a bit of a catch. The family story is that she met Ted when
collecting rent for some of the properties that her father owned in
Vaucluse. Ted was a draftsman but also worked as a chauffeur on weekends I think.
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| Ted as a chauffeur |
Children’s Birth Dates/Places:
1924 birth of daughter Hazel 4th October[xiii]
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| On the back of the photo in Gran's handwriting, "Nurse Gees nursing home where all my children were born." I have figured out this 2 The Parade Dulwich Hill |
1926 birth of son Edwin Oswald 12th September[xiv] and sister Daisy marries Hector Beitsch[xv]
1927 Federal Parliament opened by Duke of York in Canberra
1928 Bert Hinkler makes flight from Britain to Australia
1928 birth of daughter Beatrice Grace Conner (Trixie)
1930 Sydney-Brisbane railway opens
1930 lived at Rainbow, Riverview Road, Undercliffe and death of daughter Beatrice in January [xvi]
19 March 1932 Opening of the Sydney Harbour Bridge
1932 Height of the Great Depression
1932 sister Rene marries Frank Hall[xvii]
1935 Jubilee of King George V
1936 Death of King George V followed by Edward VIII then abdication and King George VI
1939 Introduction of compulsory military service and WW2 begins
1942 Singapore falls and 15,000 Australians becomes POWs
1942 Daylight saving introduced
1943 Introduction of conscription in WW2
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| Hazel Conner and Ethel Conner |
1944 daughter Hazel marries[xviii]
1945 WW2 ends in May and first Sydney to Hobart Yacht race held
1947 death of son Edwin 30th October aged 21[xix]
1949 move to
Springwood and death of sister Millie 6th January aged 47
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| My Bush at Springwood |
1951 daughter Hazel obtains divorce from first husband[xx]
1952 daughter Hazel re-marries and Daisy May Carrett celebrates her 70th Birthday
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| Daisy, Mum, Ozzie, Ethel and Nora in front at Daisy Carrett's 70th Birthday |
1953 death of Ethel's father[xxi] probate granted to Frank Andrews (Millie’s husband)[xxii]
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| Daisy and George Henry Charles Carrett III with daughter Nora |
1954 birth of first grandchild
1956 introduction of polio vaccine and television
1960 death of husband Ted aged 60 on 30th May[xxiii] and youngest son marries
1961 introduction of oral contraceptive
1962 3rd December death of brother Ossie aged 52 [xxiv]
1962 Sydney-Melbourne rail corridor opens
1963 death of Ethel's mother Daisy 3rd January[xxv] and moves to Burradoo near Bowral
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| Gran's writing on back of photo "My little home at Burradoo that Jim built for me in 62 after Ted died." |
Retirement
Travel
1964 28th May Ethel travels to UK to see youngest son graduate and returns on Xmas Day
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| Alex and Ethel in Edinburgh |
1965 Ethel lives in Old North Head Road Bondi Sydney[xxvi]
1966 death
of sister Daisy[xxvii]
at the age of 60 on 10th November - Ethel’s birthday
1971 death of youngest sister Nora 8th June[xxviii] at the age of 58
1972 Ethel moves to Canberra and lives in Turner[xxix]
1973 Sydney Opera House opens and voting age is dropped from 21 to 18
1975 Ethel decides to go overseas for an extended cruise and sells the Turner house. Her grandson marries in August.[xxx]
1976 first arrival of Vietnamese refugees by boat
1976 21 February death of daughter Hazel[xxxi] and Ethel moves to Furneaux Street Kingston[xxxii]
1977 birth of first great-grandchild and son moves back to Sydney
1978 Ethel moves back to Sydney buying a flat at Warners Avenue Bondi[xxxiii]
1979 Australian women win the right to maternity leave
1980 Ethel moves to Ramsgate Avenue Bondi[xxxiv]
1984 Introduction of Medicare and Sex Discrimination Act passed
1986 death
of the last of her siblings, sister Rene[xxxv]
at the age of 80 and Ethel moves to Springwood after hip replacement to be closer to her son
1990 Ethel attends wedding of granddaughter in Brisbane
1992 High Court decision in Mabo case recognises native title
1995 Ethel’s daughter-in-law Barbara Conner dies in Leura [xxxvi]
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| This photo was taken 19th August 1989. Written on the back in my mother's handwriting is "Parsley Bay. Gran's childhood home, large white one with red roof just above her head." I love that she has managed to scramble out to sit on the rocks dressed to the nines at the age of 84. |
Death Date/Place:
Ethel died on 20th October 1996[xxxvii] at Buckland Retirement Village, Springwood, NSW, Australia. She was survived by her youngest son, two grandchildren and five great-grandchildren.
Burial Date/Place
Ethel’s ashes were interred at Watson’s Bay Remembrance Gardens, Sydney, Australia.
Probate:
nil
Organizations/Associations Dates/Places:
FAN CLUB (Friends and Neighours)
Baptism sponsors/godparents
Marriage Witnesses Officiants – George CARRETT and L STEAD
Accompanying passengers on shipping list
Newspaper articles – see above
Census – other lodgers/neighbours – as above
City directories – others living in household/on street
Land Deeds – witnesses/buyers/sellers
Maps – neighbours
Military – unit members
Death – informant/undertaker
Obituary – survivors
Probate – as above
Cemetery – others in plot –
Conclusion
I might just conclude with some of my memories about my grandmother which I have recorded previously on my blog.
Gran was quite short - probably not much more than 5 foot - maybe even smaller. She loved hats. And you could often pick her out on a crowded railway platform precisely because of her beautiful hat.
She was a very quick walker. I was flat out keeping up with her no matter how old I was.
I spent a lot of time with her in my youth. She was the best babysitter and we enjoyed our weekends together. We would talk until the cows came home and solve all the problems of the world.
She taught me to knit. She was very good at all crafts: crocheting, embroidery, tapestry. She completed several huge tapestries. We have several in our home adorning the walls.
Memories include making pikelets or scones with her while my father mowed her lawn on weekends. She spoiled me rotten with breakfast in bed - a boiled egg and brown bread toast. She made delicious roast chicken in a sunbeam frypan like no one else I know. She made me a special icecream and jelly dessert called a Knickerbocker Glory.
She gave me a string of pearls for my eighteenth birthday I think. She bought them from the Burlington Arcade in London.
She was a great traveller and loved cruise ships - particularly the Royal Caribbean Line.
She took me to the opera.
She shopped for everything at David Jones - even chickens!
She had much tragedy in life. She outlived her siblings, her parents, her husband and three of her four children.
She had, as
they say, a very good innings. Swimming taught her many things - sink or swim for starters.
How has your
week been? Have you discovered something
new in old papers that you are reviewing?
References
[i] District of Canterbury at Canterbury , Birth Registered Number 31218, Ethel Irene Carrett, 1904, Registrar General’s Office, Sydney, N.S.W., Australia
[ii] Ancestry.com. Sands Directories: Sydney and New South Wales, Australia, 1858-1933 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2010.
[iii] Ancestry.com. Sydney and New South Wales, Australia, Sands Street Index, 1861-1930 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2010.
[iv] Ancestry.com. Sands Directories: Sydney and New South Wales, Australia, 1858-1933 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2010.
[v] Ian Tyrrell, River Dreams: the people and landscape of the Cooks River, New South Publishing, Sydney, 2018, p. 3
[vi] Ancestry.com. New South Wales, Australia, Departing Crew and Passenger Lists, 1816-1825, 1898-1911 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2011.Original data:Ships musters. Vols. 4/4771–75. Microfilm publication, 2 rolls. State Records Authority of New South Wales, NRS 1289. Kingswood, New South Wales, Australia. Vessels and persons departing (outward lists), 1898–1922. Reels 563–579, 3149–3205. State Records Authority of New South Wales, NRS 13279. Kingswood, New South Wales, Australia.©
[vii] Tyreell, ibid, p. 38
[viii] Ibid, p 36
[ix] Ibid, p. 39
[x] Ancestry.com. New South Wales, Australia, Police Gazettes, 1854-1930 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2010
[xi] Ancestry.com. Australia, Marriage Index, 1788-1950 [database on-line]. Lehi, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2010.
[xii] Certificate of Marriage C151318, NSW 18 February 1924, CONNER-CARRETT,
[xiii] National Archives of Australia; Canberra, Australia; Citizen Military Forces Personnel Dossiers, 1939-1947; Series: B884
[xiv] National Archives of Australia; Canberra, Australia; RAAF Personnel files of Non-Commissioned Officers (NCOs) and Other Ranks, 1921-1948; Series: A9301
[xv] Sydney, Australia, Anglican Parish Registers, 1814-2011 [database on-line]. Lehi, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2017.Original data:Sydney Diocesan Archives, Anglican Church Diocese of Sydney. Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
[xvi] Ancestry.com. Australia, Death Index, 1787-1985 [database on-line]. Lehi, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2010. Nsw Pioneer Index - Between the Wars Series 1919-1945
[xvii] Ancestry.com. Australia, Marriage Index, 1788-1950 [database on-line]. Lehi, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2010.
[xviii] Ancestry.com. Australia, Marriage Index, 1788-1950 [database on-line]. Lehi, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2010.
[xix] Ryerson Index Death notice 30 Oct 1947 Sydney Morning Herald published 1 November 1947
[xx] Advertising (1951, September 6). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 20. Retrieved April 4, 2022, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article18229024
[xxi] Family Notices (1953, December 29). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 12. Retrieved April 4, 2022, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article18402659
[xxii] Advertising (1954, January 13). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 14. Retrieved April 4, 2022, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article18404421
[xxiii] Registrar General’s Department New South Wales Death Certificate NSW Number 11416/60 30th May 1960 Springwood, Edwin Arthur CONNER
[xxiv] Ancestry.com. Australia, Death Index, 1787-1985 [database on-line]. Lehi, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2010.
[xxv] NSW Registrar General’s office Death Certificate Number 4591/24 Daisy Mildred Carrett
[xxvi]
Ancestry.com. Australia, Electoral Rolls, 1903-1980 [database on-line].
Lehi, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2010.
Original data:Australian Electoral Commission. [Electoral roll].
[xxvii] Ancestry, Australia Cemetery Index, 1808-2007
[xxviii] Ancestry, Australia Cemetery Index, 1808-2007
[xxix] Letter from Barbara Conner to Tom McLoughlin dated in Alex Daw collection
[xxx] Letter from Barbara Conner to Tom McLouglin dated … in Alex Daw collection
[xxxi] Ryerson Index http://ryersonindex.org/index.htm
[xxxii]
Ancestry.com. Australia, Electoral Rolls, 1903-1980 [database on-line].
Lehi, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2010.
Original data:Australian Electoral Commission. [Electoral roll].
[xxxiii]
Ancestry.com. Australia, Electoral Rolls, 1903-1980 [database on-line].
Lehi, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2010.
Original data:Australian Electoral Commission. [Electoral roll].
[xxxiv] Ancestry.com. Australia, Electoral Rolls, 1903-1980 [database on-line]. Lehi, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2010.Original data:Australian Electoral Commission. [Electoral roll].
[xxxv] Ancestry Australia Cemetery index, 1808-2007
[xxxvi] Ryerson Index
[xxxvii] Death Notice Sydney Morning Herald 21 October 1996
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